Neonatal sepsis as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental changes in preterm infants with very low birth weight

Objectiveto evaluate neonatal sepsis as a risk factor for abnormal neuromotor and cognitive development in very low birth weight preterm infants at 12 months of corrected age.Methodsthis was a prospective cohort study that followed the neuromotor and cognitive development of 194 very low birth weight preterm infants discharged from a public neonatal intensive care unit. The Bayley Scale of Infant Development (second edition) at 12 months of corrected age was used. The outcomes were the results of the clinical/neurological evaluation and the scores of the psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. The association between neonatal sepsis and neuromotor development and between neonatal sepsis and cognitive development was verified by logistic regression analysis.Resultsmean birth weight was 1,119 g (SD: 247) and mean gestational age was 29 weeks and 6 days (SD: 2). Approximately 44.3%(n = 86) of the infants had neonatal sepsis and 40.7% (n = 79) had abnormal neuromotor development and/or abnormal psychomotor development index (PDI < 85) at 12 months of corrected age. On the mental scale, 76 (39.1%) children presented abnormal cognitive development (MDI < 85). Children with neonatal sepsis were 2.5 times more likely to develop changes in neuromotor development (OR: 2.50; CI: 1.23‐5.10). There was no association between neonatal sepsis and cognitive development impairment.Conclusionneonatal sepsis was an independent risk factor for neuromotor development impairment at 12 months of corrected age, but not for mental development impairment.     

Prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in the first year of life

Objectiveto investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in infants in the first year of life.Methodsthis was a cross-sectional study, in which a validated questionnaire (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes - International Study of Wheezing in Infants - EISL) was applied to parents of infants aged between 12 and 15 months treated in 26 of 85 primary health care units in the period between 2006 and 2007. The dependent variable, wheezing, was defined using the following standards: occasional (up to two episodes of wheezing) and recurrent (three or more episodes of wheezing). The independent variables were shown using frequency distribution to compare the groups. Measures of association were based on odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI), using bivariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis (adjusted OR [aOR]).Resultsa total of 1,029 (37.7%) infants had wheezing episodes in the first 12 months of life; of these, 16.2% had recurrent wheezing. Risk factors for wheezing were family history of asthma (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.76-2.54) and six or more episodes of colds (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.91-2.97) and pneumonia (OR = 3.02; 95% CI: 2.43-3.76). For recurrent wheezing, risk factors were: familial asthma (aOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22–2.46); early onset wheezing (aOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.75-3.75); nocturnal symptoms (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.75-3.75), and more than six colds (aOR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.43- .00).Conclusionthe main risk factors associated with wheezing in Fortaleza were respiratory infections and family history of asthma. Knowing the risk factors for this disease should be a priority for public health, in order to develop control and treatment strategies.     

福建地区女童特发性中枢性性早熟危险因素分析

目的 探讨福建地区女童特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)发生的主要危险因素.方法 采用病例-对照研究,选择2011年10月至2013年10月在福建省福州儿童医院内分泌科确诊为ICPP的女童566例以及来源于体检中心的健康女童547例作为研究对象,对儿童的饮食情况、行为方面、父母及家庭情况进行问卷调查,并对相关因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 单因素分析发现23个变量差异有统计学意义.Logistic回归分析,最终进入模型的变量:母亲初潮年龄＞13岁(B=-1.28,SE =0.17,Wald=59.82,OR=0.278,95％CI:0.201 ～0.384,P＜0.001)、摄入有机水果(B=-1.15,SE=0.36,Wald=10.51,OR=0.316,95％ CI:0.157～0.634,P=0.001)、每天运动时间(B=-0.50,SE=0.11,Wald=19.74,OR=0.609,95％ CI:0.490 ～0.758,P＜0.001)、普通蔬菜(B=0.24,SE=0.08,Wald=9.79,OR=1.275,95％ CI:1.095 ～1.485,P=0.002)、普通家畜(B =0.31,SE =0.07,Wald=22.35,OR=1.364,95％ CI:1.199 ～1.551,P＜0.001)、体质量指数(B =0.47,SE=0.08,Wald=33.74,OR=1.599,95％ CI:1.365 ～1.874,P＜0.001)、父母月收入总和(B=0.51,SE =0.12,Wald=17.89,OR=1.671,95％CI:1.317 ～2.120,P＜0.001)、自觉课业负担沉重(B=0.60,SE=0.25,Wald=5.87,OR=1.818,95％ CI:1.121～2.948,P=0.015)、各种方便食品(快食面)(B=1.10,SE =0.45,Wald=5.96,OR=2.990,95％ CI:1.241～7.203,P=0.015)、服用营养品(B=1.32,SE=0.30,Wald=18.93,OR=3.736,95％ CI:2.063～6.765,P＜0.001)、经常使用成人洗漱护肤品(B=1.67,SE=0.25,Wald =44.5,OR=5.284,95％CI:3.240～8.618,P＜0.001).其中母亲初潮年龄＞13岁、摄入有机水果、每天运动时间长是ICPP的保护因素,其他均为ICPP的危险因素.结论 福建地区女童ICPP相关因素众多,其发病与母亲初潮年龄、饮食行为习惯、体质量指数、家庭经济状况及学习压力相关.     

心房颤动射频消融术后心包积液的处理及危险因素分析

目的 探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者导管射频消融术后发生心包积液的处理并分析其相关危险因素.方法 156例房颤患者[男108例,女48例,阵发性房颤114例,平均年龄(57.6±11.3)岁]在三维标测系统及环状标测电极导管指导下行射频消融治疗[包括环肺静脉电隔离、线性消融及(或)碎裂电位消融],记录消融过程、部位、时间等因素,对术后证实出现心包积液的患者根据不同情况(心脏压塞或单纯心包积液)进行不同处理,并门诊随访心脏超声等.对可能影响术后出现单纯心包积液的因素进行分析.结果 所有156例患者均完成肺静脉电隔离,共有16例(10.3%)出现心包积液,其中1例(0.6%)术后即刻出现心脏压塞,予心包穿刺后开胸探查抢救好转,随访18个月无特殊;另15例(9.6%)术后出现少量心包积液但无心脏压塞表现(单纯心包积液组),经保守治疗后好转,其中6例患者的心包积液在术后3个月消失,而另外9例则在术后6个月消失.单因素分析发现,单纯心包积液组与无心包积液组在性别组成(P<0.01)、有无行冠状静脉窦消融(P=0.026)、有无行碎裂电位消融(P=0.037)、有无行上腔静脉消融(P=0.041)等方面差异有统计学意义.Logistic多因素回归分析发现,女性[B=3.594,exp(b)=36.4,95%CI:4.2-312.1,P=0.001]、行冠状静脉窦消融[B=2.419,exp(b)=11.2,95%CI:1.0～124.6,P=0.049]是术后出现单纯心包积液的独立危险因素.结论 房颤射频消融术后心包积液的发生率较高,但绝大部分并不出现心脏压塞,可经保守治疗得到改善,而不需要进一步有创治疗.女性及行冠状静脉窦消融是术后出现单纯心包积液的独立危险因素,房颤射频消融时应谨慎对待该部位的消融,以减少术后心包积液的发生.     

铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南耐药的危险因素分析

目的分析耐铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南耐药的危险因素,为临床合理使用抗菌药物,减少耐药的发生提供依据。方法本研究以2012年1月至2014年1月在北京市大兴区人民医院住院治疗且血培养出现铜绿假单胞菌的患者为研究对象。所有的数据通过回顾原始病历进行收集。对所取得的数据进行费舍尔确切分析和逻辑回归分析。结果共有695例患者被纳入该研究,其中对美罗培南耐药的为401例(58%)。研究确定了3个诱导耐美罗培南的铜绿假单胞菌的危险因素:1使用碳青霉烯类药物超过1周;2重症监护病房治疗超过1周;3机械通气治疗超过72 h。结论对于需要抗菌药物治疗的患者应尽早采用细菌学方法确诊致病菌,减少经验性使用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的时间;加强重症监护病房的消毒隔离措施;尽量缩短机械通气的治疗时间。     

Intrahepatic distant recurrence after radiofrequency ablation for a single small hepatocellular carcinoma: Risk factors and patterns

Background. The pathogenesis of frequent intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection or local ablation therapy remains uncertain. Risks and patterns of intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) of a single, primary HCC lesion after radiofrequency (RF) ablation were examined. Methods. Ninety patients with a single primary HCC lesion of less than 3 cm who had complete RF ablation were enrolled in the study. Risk factors for IDR and the patterns of IDR after RF ablation were analyzed. Results. The median follow-up was 37.4 months. IDR was observed in 44 (48.9%) patients. The cumulative rate of IDR was 10.4%, 52.5%, and 77.0% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that a pretreatment serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level of ≥50 ng/ml (P = 0.0324), a des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) level of ≥40 mAu/ml (P = 0.006), an ablative margin of <5 mm of the ablation zone (P = 0.0306), and a prothrombin time of <70% (P = 0.0188) were related to IDR. A multivariate stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that pretreatment serum AFP and DCP level and the ablative margin were independent risk factors for IDR pretreatment. Serum DCP level ≥ 40 mAu/ml (P = 0.025), local tumor progression (P = 0.011), and ablative margin < 5 mm (P = 0.024) were related to multiple IDR. Conclusions. HCC patients with high serum AFP or DCP before RF ablation should be carefully followed up to monitor any IDR. A suffi cient ablative margin in RF ablation for HCC is required to prevent IDR.